SOARS Manuscripts

Thunderstorms transport boundary layer pollutants to the upper troposphere where longer residence times and higher wind speeds extend their regional influence significantly. This study examines how environmental thermodynamic parameters affect chemical species distribution within deep convective sys…

Several previous studies have established statistical relationships between tornadic weather and environmental conditions by associating severe weather reports with rawinsonde observations. Here, we seek (1) to determine weather similar relationships hold when severe weather reports are associated w…

A study, MIRAGE, has been developed by NCAR to research how emissions are transported out of large urban areas. Mexico City was chosen for the pilot field experiment. Data was gathered from two sites. Centro de Ceincias de la Atmosfera, in the SW section of Mexico City, and the other, Ajusco Ecologi…

Using the NCAR Climate System Model (CSM), changes in Northern Hemisphere storm tracks are analyzed between a control run and a doubled CO₂ run. Global fields of temperature, wind, vorticity, and precipitation are used to characterize location, seasonality, and intensity of storm tracks. Compared to…

A stable lamp source was developed to characterize the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM). This lamp source was calibrated for its relative stability and intensity. There are specific requirements for the lamp source to be considered as a stable source for TIM. This lamp source must adhere to these requ…

Potential anomalies of precipitation patterns for the coterminous U.S. were obtained from the Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis model (CGCM 1) and the United Kingdome Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction model (HADCM2) using simulation scenarios of present (1961-1990) and future (209…

This study is an attempt to establish a relationship between the distribution of polar stratospheric clouds(PSCs) and mountain ranges. Developing such a relationship could offer a possible explancction for the underprediction of reactive chlorine concentrations and ozone depletion rates calculated b…

The Ogallala Aquifer underlies most of the U.S. High Plains and supplies thirty percent of the nation's groundwater used for irrigation, yet the region faces chronic vulnerability to severe drought — with paleoclimatic records indicating that droughts rivaling the 1930s and 1950s Dust Bowl events ha…

Corals are important because they are the primary builders of large calcium carbonate structures that make up the reef ecosystem. Recent coral reef degradation is quite possibly caused by climate change. Emission of fossil fuels into the atmosphere increases carbon 'dioxide (C0₂) concentrations, whi…

The paper implements the Ground-Based Velocity Track Display (GBVTD) technique to nowcast hurricane wind fields using WSR-88D Single Doppler velocities. The study aims to deduce the primary circulation of landfalling hurricanes in near-real-time using a coarser-resolution level-IV data, which is mor…

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and methyl cyanide (CH₃CN) affect the global biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen in the Earth system and are sources of active nitrogen in the stratosphere. Because their presence has been detected in comets, these compounds could have played an important role in the emergence of…

The Personal Access Scientists Technology (PAST) System will be a personalized web site for the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) atmospheric scientists. This site will provide scientists with the ability to search all publications and proceedings produced by NCAR scientists within one…

This paper describes a one dimensional (1D) model developed in the Atmospheric Chemistry Division (ACD) at the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). The 10 model describes the height and time evolution of an inert species in the Mexico City's Boundary Layer (MCBL) through a standard day. …

On a global scale, volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from vegetation exceed those of anthropogenic origin. VOCs include non methane hydrocarbons (NM HCs) and oxygenated hydrocarbons (OxHCs). These compounds react with atmospheric oxidants to form ozone, effect the carbon cycle, and overall t…

In this study, we compared satellite cloud top imagery and radar reflectivity to determine whether satellite cloud top imagery can give reliable information about the intensity and organization of precipitation. We analyzed three different MCSs: a symmetric squall line, an asymmetric squall line, an…

Anthropogenic sulfate (SO₄) and black carbon (BC) aerosols from rapidly growing urban and industrial regions represent a potentially significant and poorly constrained contribution to global climate forcing. This study uses the NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM3), with an embedded global sulfur mode…

Accurate characterization of the scattering properties of cirrus cloud ice crystals remains a critical unsolved problem in climate research, with direct implications for understanding Earth's solar radiation balance and interpreting remote-sensing measurements. This study investigates the light-scat…

Aerosols impact the chemistry and physical processes of the atmosphere directly, indirectly and through chemical reactions. The estimates of aerosol effects on the planet are uncertain because the spatial distribution of aerosol size and composition are largely unknown. The Wet Impactor has been des…

The large-scale time and space patterns of tritium in rainfall can be characterized over land and ocean using precipitation data collected worldwide by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Water samples from the Global Network for Isotopes in…

Winter weather hazards, including in-flight icing and low ceilings, represent significant threats to aviation safety and can often be mitigated through accurate cloud climatological information. This study presents a climatology of wintertime cloud base heights and temperatures, number of cloud laye…

This research examines the EI Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon in the NCAR Climate System Model (CSM). The focus is on changes in ENSO amplitude and frequency on interdecadal (10 to 100 year) time scales, compared with the changes observed in the real system. Using a 300-year simulation f…

Tropospheric ozone is formed by the photochemistry of hydrocarbons (HCs) and nitrogen oxides (NOx = nitrogen dioxide (N02) + nitric oxide (NOÂť. The formation of 03 in heavily polluted air masses (e.g., polluted cities) was investigated using a highly detailed NOx/HC mechanism (the National Center f…

Using mesoscale models may provide insight into regional linkages between weather and water resources. To do this, mesoscale climate models are coupled to land-surface models. The National Center for Atmospheric Research's (NCAR) Land Surface Model (LSM) is a one-dimensional model that examines a va…

The factors that contributed to the enhanced ozone depletion during the 1995-96 Arctic winter are presented. Temperature, CIO, 03, and aerosol extinction from the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS), Stratospheric Aerosol Measurement IT (SAM IT), and Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement IT (PO…

Tropospheric ozone production, nitrogen dioxide, and non-methane hydrocarbon emissions have always been a natural occurrence in the atmosphere as we know it. The production of tropospheric ozone had not been a major concern until recent decades. By themselves nitrogen dioxide and nitric oxide emissi…